{"id":8464,"date":"2025-06-11T17:22:44","date_gmt":"2025-06-11T16:22:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stpetersbrighton.org\/heritage\/?p=8464"},"modified":"2025-06-12T14:22:59","modified_gmt":"2025-06-12T13:22:59","slug":"restoring-damaged-text-the-c-g-boxall-memorial","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stpetersbrighton.org\/heritage\/restoring-damaged-text-the-c-g-boxall-memorial\/","title":{"rendered":"Restoring Damaged Text – The C.G. Boxall Memorial"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=””]by B. van Cleve<\/em><\/p>\n

The year 2024 marked the bicentennial of St. Peter\u2019s Church in Brighton. Among the associated projects was the recording of commemorative inscriptions found throughout the building. Despite their age, most remain in pristine condition, but one, a stone commemorating Sir Charles Gervaise Boxall, KCB<\/a>, has suffered extensive damage. Part of the text can be deciphered, albeit with difficulty, but the remainder appeared, on initial inspection, to be completely illegible.[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”8121″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_column_text css=””]An older, undated photo and a rendering of the text can be found on the website of the Imperial War Museum<\/a> (text has been updated since our initial visit to the website, see below). On that photo, some text passages can be discerned that are today completely destroyed. However, the text initially provided by the IWM may be based, at least in part, on even earlier sources, as some words that are illegible even on the historic photo are shown as intact by the IWM, without any indication of a reconstruction.[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”8463″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_column_text css=””]<\/p>\n

The undated photo from the IWM website (\u00a9 WMR-43421)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

While the text initially published by the IWM was consistent and appeared sound, the reconstructions did not always fit convincingly into the spaces provided by the lacunae (spaces created by damage) on the memorial. In addition, substantial gaps remained that we hoped to close at least in part.<\/p>\n

In an attempt to achieve the best possible reconstruction of the text on the plaque, it was scrutinized line by line, taking into account the restoration initially provided by the Imperial War Museum, the historic photo, our own high-resolution images from 2024, and historic documentation of the life of Sir Charles.[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_separator color=”chino” border_width=”10″ css=””][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_single_image image=”8430″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_column_text css=””]Line 1:<\/strong> The Text is fully legible.[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_separator color=”chino” border_width=”10″ css=””][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_single_image image=”8431″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_column_text css=””]Line 2:<\/strong> The abbreviation \u2018K.C.B.\u2019 is damaged, but the reconstruction is secure as Boxall\u2019s rank and title as Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath are confirmed by historic sources<\/a>.[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_separator color=”chino” border_width=”10″ css=””][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_single_image image=”8432″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_column_text css=””]Line 3:<\/strong> The original text of the IWM agreed with the historic photo. Some letters have since become harder to discern. The last letter of the word \u2018EDUCATED\u2019 and the words \u2018AT BRIGHTON\u2019 were already damaged in the photo, but the reconstruction remains straightforward so far. The only problem is Boxall’s year of birth, clearly legible as 1852. Historical sources<\/a> strongly suggest that Boxall was actually born in 1851. We follow the text of the monument:[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”8433″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_separator color=”chino” border_width=”10″ css=””][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_single_image image=”8434″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_column_text css=””]<\/p>\n

\n

IWM: COLLEGE HE ACHIEVED DISTINCTION IN MORE THAN (….)IELD<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Line 4:<\/strong> The first 6 words are clearly legible and were accurately rendered by the IWM. The IWM then adds the word \u2018THAN\u2019, which is not present on the historic photo, nor could we make it visible with high resolution images. Assuming that it was still legible when the IWM recorded the text, very little space remains for the missing letters between \u2018THAN\u2019 and \u2018IELD\u2019. The context suggests that a written number should follow the phrase \u2018MORE THAN\u2019, with space for three letters, since \u2018IELD\u2019 needs at least one leading letter to become a word. Numbers spelled with three letters are \u2018one\u2019, \u2018two\u2019, \u2018six\u2019, and \u2018ten\u2019, but since the following word stands without a plural ending, \u2018ONE\u2019 is the only valid option. Regarding the following fragment, \u2018FIELD\u2019 and \u2018YIELD\u2019 are the only two ways to achieve a proper word, with \u2018FIELD\u2019 alone making sense in the context. The resulting text would read: \u2018COLLEGE HE ACHIEVED DISTINCTION IN MORE THAN ONE FIELD\u2019. This constitutes the first resolution of a lacuna, compared to the older rendering. The original text is believed to have read[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”8435″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_separator color=”chino” border_width=”10″ css=””][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_single_image image=”8436″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_column_text css=””]<\/p>\n

\n

IWM: A PROMINENT MEMBER OF THE LEGAL PROFESSION HE (…)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Line 5:<\/strong> The text of the IWM and the historic photo agree on the first 7 words. \u2018HE\u2019 is no longer legible in the photo, only some traces of the lower parts of the letters can be discerned. The words that follow were not recognized in the IWM reconstruction, despite the fact that the historic photo clearly shows \u2018IEUT–<\/strong>\u2019 as the final letters of the line. \u2018EUT–<\/strong>\u2019 can still be made out in recent images, as can be seen in the image below. Additionally, some lower parts of letters can be discerned between the \u2018N\u2019 of \u2018PROFESSION\u2019 and \u2018IEUT–<\/strong>\u2018.[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”8437″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_column_text css=””]The first group of partly visible letters clearly belong to the word \u2018HE\u2019, which was still visible when the IWM text copy was collated. The next partly preserved letter is hard to interpret as anything other than \u2018B\u2019 (enlarged on the left in the image below).[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”8438″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_column_text css=””]The text would therefore have read: \u2018A PROMINENT MEMBER OF THE LEGAL PROFESSION HE B…….IEUT–<\/strong>\u2018. The last word is an abbreviation of the rank of \u2018Lieutenant\u2019 that was in common use at the time. We know from other sources that Boxall at some point held the rank of a Lieutenant-Colonel<\/a>. It is therefore plausible that line 5 once read: \u2018A PROMINENT MEMBER OF THE LEGAL PROFESSION HE BECAME LIEUT–<\/strong>\u2018. The space available in line 5 would also support this reconstruction, the proposed original appearing as:[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”8439″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_separator color=”chino” border_width=”10″ css=””][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_single_image image=”8440″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_column_text css=””]<\/p>\n

\n

IWM: COLONEL COMMANDING 1ST SUSSEX YEOMANRY AND<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Line 6:<\/strong> Line six presents us with the first serious lacuna. On the photo, the first letter following \u2018SUSSEX\u2019 is clearly visible as a \u2018V\u2019. A close-up photo of the area confirms this, but it also reveals the lower parts of the three following letters.[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”8441″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_column_text css=””]The third of these is unmistakably a \u2018U\u2019, as becomes clear when compared to the \u2018U\u2019 in \u2018LIEUT–<\/strong>\u2018 in line 5. The straight vertical line on the right side of the letter, running almost all the way to the bottom of the line, is diagnostic as it occurs in no other letter with a rounded lower edge. Not even the \u2018C\u2019 or the \u2018G\u2019 have it in this distinct form. From historical sources we also know that Boxall was involved with a unit frequently referred to as the Volunteer Artillery<\/a>. Looking closer at the two letters following the \u2018V\u2019, the lower parts still visible are compatible with an \u2018O\u2019 and an \u2018L\u2019. As such, the word is read here as \u2018VOLUNTEER\u2019. On the historic photo the last letters before the clearly visible \u2018AND\u2019 look very much like \u2018RY\u2019. This allows for a confident reconstruction as \u2018VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY\u2019. When letters from the plaque are copied and laid over the missing part of line 6, the words \u2018VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY\u2019 fit well into the space available. The original text of line 6 was therefore in all likelihood:[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”8442″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_separator color=”chino” border_width=”10″ css=””][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_single_image image=”8443″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_column_text css=””]Line 7:<\/strong> The first 5 words of this line are fully present. However, the following text is almost entirely illegible and apparently was in that state when the IWM first copied the text on the plaque. What can be made out is that the line ends with the upper part of an \u2018S\u2019, followed by the clearly visible abbreviation \u2018R.F.A.\u2019[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”8444″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_column_text css=””]In addition, one can discern what looks like the first stroke of the letter \u2018M\u2019 above \u2018LON\u2019 in the following line (the slanting line can only belong to an \u2018M\u2019 or an \u2018A\u2019, although \u2018M\u2019 yields a better fit). The historical photo shows an additional \u2018T\u2019 and an \u2018E\u2019 just before the \u2018S\u2019, but those are no longer present. Historical sources<\/a> state that Boxall had been Honorary Colonel of the 1st<\/sup> Home Counties R.F.A. Overlaying the historical photo with this putative text yields a perfect fit. The original text is therefore probably to be reconstructed as: AFTERWARDS HONORARY COLONEL OF THE 1ST<\/sup> HOME COUNTIES R.F.A[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”8445″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_separator color=”chino” border_width=”10″ css=””][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_single_image image=”8446″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_column_text css=””]Line 8:<\/strong> The text on the historical photo is slightly damaged in places, with recent images showing increased deterioration. However, the affected words, \u2018CHIEF\u2019, and \u2018LONDON\u2019, remain fully legible.[\/vc_column_text][vc_separator color=”chino” border_width=”10″ css=””][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_single_image image=”8447″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_column_text css=””]Line 9:<\/strong> The words VOLUNTEERS RAISED AND EQUIPPED BY VOLUNTARY (…) TO TAKE are instantly recognizable. \u2018VOLUNTARY\u2019 is then followed by two destroyed letters and the upper part of what must be an \u2018E\u2019 or an \u2018F\u2019, followed by \u2018ORT\u2019. \u2018E\u2019 would not have yielded a valid word, leaving \u2018F\u2019. The text can then be reconstructed as \u2018VOLUNTEERS RAISED AND EQUIPPED BY VOLUNTARY EFFORT TO TAKE\u2019, if the two missing letters are complemented as \u2018EF\u2019. The expression \u2018VOLUNTARY EFFORT\u2019 would also correspond with common usage at the time this plaque was created. We therefore suggest that the original text once read:[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”8448″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_separator color=”chino” border_width=”10″ css=””][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_single_image image=”8449″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_column_text css=””]Line 10:<\/strong> The first 8 words of this line are clear. They are followed by lacunae that extend to the last word of the line, which is \u2018PATRIOTIC\u2019. The historical photo clearly shows the letters \u2018AN\u2019 after \u2018FOR THIS\u2019, and then, after a small lacuna, the remainders of an \u2018O\u2019 and a \u2018T\u2019, followed by a second lacuna. This suggests that missing text could be completed as \u2018AND OTHER\u2019. The line would have read: \u2018PART IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN WAR .. <\/sup>FOR THIS AND OTHER PATRIOTIC\u2019. Overlaying this text on the historical image yields a perfect fit. As such, we suggest that the text originally read:[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”8450″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_separator color=”chino” border_width=”10″ css=””][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_single_image image=”8451″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_column_text css=””]Line 11:<\/strong> The first two thirds of text are well preserved. Regarding the following fragment \u2018LIE\u2019, the word \u2018Lieutenant\u2019 was abbreviated to \u2018LIEUT-\u2018<\/strong> in line 5, therefore the same abbreviation is likely present here as well. In addition, one can just make out what looks like a mutilated \u2018ONEL\u2019 before \u2018IN\u2019. Historical sources state that Boxall at some point held the rank of Lieutenant Colonel<\/a>. \u00a0This yields the text, \u2018SERVICES HE WAS APPOINTED AN HONORARY LIEUT- COLONEL IN THE\u2019. Overlaying \u2018LIEUT- COLONEL IN\u2019, it fits perfectly into the available space. We therefore suggest that the original once read:[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”8452″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_separator color=”chino” border_width=”10″ css=””][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_single_image image=”8453″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_column_text css=””] Line 12:<\/strong> Apart from the second last word, text is fully legible here. In the historical photo, the first two letters of the missing word are visible as \u2018MO\u2019. The closeup below shows clear traces of \u2018M\u2019 and \u2018O\u2019 as well. As the official name of the order mentioned here is[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”8454″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_column_text css=””]\u2018The Most Honourable Order of the Bath<\/a>\u2019, line 12 is reconstructed as \u2018ARMY AND CREATED A KNIGHT COMMANDER OF THE MOST HONOURABLE\u2019, which would have appeared as:[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”8455″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_separator color=”chino” border_width=”10″ css=””][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_single_image image=”8456″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_column_text css=””]Line 13:<\/strong> The first 6 words in this line are clearly visible on the photo. After that, the location of Boxall\u2019s death is only partly legible, as \u2018HTON\u2019. Since it is on record<\/a> that Boxall died in Brighton, a reconstruction as \u2018IN BRIGHTON\u2019 is straightforward. The year of his death is lost on the historical photo, and no traces of numbers could be made visible on close-up images. Historical sources<\/a> confirm that Boxall died in 1914, yielding the text, \u2018ORDER OF THE BATH. HE DIED IN BRIGHTON ON MARCH 6TH<\/sup> 1914\u2019. Line 13 would (omitting the year, for which we do not have a font) originally have appeared as:[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”8487″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_separator color=”chino” border_width=”10″ css=””][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_single_image image=”8457″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_single_image image=”8458″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_column_text css=””]Line 14:<\/strong> Two words are hard to make out, but both are partly discernable. Traces of a letter \u2018E\u2019 are present, even on recent images, and the letters \u2018RIBERE\u2019 are legible in the historic photo and still so in recent images. The line seems to be from the works of Horace and quoted as: \u2018ET JUSTUM POTERAS ET SCRIBERE FORTEM\u2019.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

In context, the complete sentence in Horace<\/a> reads: \u2018Attamen et iustum poteras et scribere fortem, Scipiadam ut sapiens Lucilius\u2019, which is translated: \u2018Yet, you could write about him as both just and courageous, as the wise Lucilius did about Scipio\u2019.[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_separator color=”chino” border_width=”10″ css=””][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_single_image image=”8459″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_single_image image=”8460″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_column_text css=””]Line 15:<\/strong> This final line is well preserved, by comparison. Only the words \u2018HIS FRIENDS\u2019 and \u2018ARMS\u2019 have now become partly illegible, compared to the historic photo. Of the phrase \u2018HIS FRIENDS\u2019, only the \u2018H\u2019 of \u2018HIS\u2019 and the \u2018R\u2019 of \u2018FRIENDS\u2019 remain.[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_separator color=”chino” border_width=”10″ css=””][vc_empty_space height=”64px”][vc_column_text css=””]Implementing the suggestions stated above, the entire reconstructed text would read as follows :[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”8462″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_column_text css=””]<\/p>\n

\n
TO THE MEMORY OF<\/em><\/strong><\/h6>\n
COLONEL SIR CHARLES GERVAISE BOXALL K.C.B.<\/em><\/strong><\/h6>\n
\u00a0BORN IN SUSSEX IN 1852 AND EDUCATED AT BRIGHTON<\/em><\/strong><\/h6>\n
COLLEGE HE ACHIEVED DISTINCTION IN MORE THAN ONE FIELD<\/em><\/strong><\/h6>\n
A PROMINENT MEMBER OF THE LEGAL PROFESSION HE BECAME LIEUT-<\/em><\/strong><\/h6>\n
COLONEL COMMANDING THE 1ST<\/sup> SUSSEX VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY AND<\/em><\/strong><\/h6>\n
AFTERWARDS HONORARY COLONEL OF THE 1ST<\/sup> HOME COUNTIES R.F.A<\/em><\/strong><\/h6>\n
HE WAS THE CHIEF ORGANIZER OF THE CITY OF LONDON IMPERIAL<\/em><\/strong><\/h6>\n
VOLUNTEERS RAISED AND EQUIPPED BY VOLUNTARY EFFORT TO TAKE<\/em><\/strong><\/h6>\n
PART IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN WAR ..<\/sup> FOR THIS AND OTHER PATRIOTIC<\/em><\/strong><\/h6>\n
SERVICES HE WAS APPOINTED AN HONORARY LIEUT-COLONEL IN THE<\/em><\/strong><\/h6>\n
ARMY AND CREATED A KNIGHT COMMANDER OF THE MOST HONOURABLE<\/em><\/strong><\/h6>\n
ORDER OF THE BATH\u00a0 .<\/sup>\u00a0 HE DIED IN BRIGHTON ON MARCH 6TH<\/sup> 1914<\/em><\/strong><\/h6>\n
ET JUSTUM POTERAS ET SCRIBERE FORTEM<\/em><\/strong><\/h6>\n
THIS STONE IS SET UP BY MANY OF HIS FRIENDS AND COMRADES IN ARMS<\/em><\/strong><\/h6>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

This reconstruction has since been adopted by the Imperial War Museum.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The memorial plaque for C. G. Boxall has suffered severe damage over time. After painstaking detective work the text could be recovered.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":8441,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[62],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8464","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-memorial-plaques"],"yoast_head":"\nRestoring Damaged Text - The C.G. Boxall Memorial - St Peter's Heritage<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The memorial plaque for C. G. Boxall has suffered severe damage over time. After painstaking detective work the text could be recovered.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stpetersbrighton.org\/heritage\/restoring-damaged-text-the-c-g-boxall-memorial\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Restoring Damaged Text - The C.G. Boxall Memorial - St Peter's Heritage\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The memorial plaque for C. G. Boxall has suffered severe damage over time. After painstaking detective work the text could be recovered.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/stpetersbrighton.org\/heritage\/restoring-damaged-text-the-c-g-boxall-memorial\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"St Peter's Heritage\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-06-11T16:22:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-06-12T13:22:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/stpetersbrighton.org\/heritage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Boxall-22-copyright-B-van-Cleve.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"772\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"298\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"b.van.cleve\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"b.van.cleve\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/stpetersbrighton.org\/heritage\/restoring-damaged-text-the-c-g-boxall-memorial\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/stpetersbrighton.org\/heritage\/restoring-damaged-text-the-c-g-boxall-memorial\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"b.van.cleve\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/stpetersbrighton.org\/heritage\/#\/schema\/person\/1b1042501b2958b0f8a23eb7ef36f912\"},\"headline\":\"Restoring Damaged Text – The C.G. 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